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The Japanese nuclear disaster has brought to the forefront the dangers of nuclear power. The Japanese have been distributing iodine tablets to people living in the vulnerable areas. Iodine is usually given in the form of potassium iodide. A tablet contains 130 milligrams and the safety offered by this number can last for 24 hours. This means that the dosage must be repeated every day until the threat of exposure is over. The shelf life of potassium iodide tablet is practically unlimited which means that critical quantities of this substance can be stored without problems of expiry. The usual dosage is one tablet for the adults and one half of a tablet for children.
The greatest threat from radiation exposure is the amelioration of thyroid cancer. This is because of the release of radioactive iodine from radiation leaks. Iodine-129 and iodine-131 are gaseous products obtained during nuclear fission within the fuel rods. Radioactive iodine can enter the body through two routes- ingestion and inhalation. Why should the radioactive iodine target the thyroid gland?
Potassium IOdide
When there is a radiation leak, the thyroid gland is the most vulnerable organ in the body. This is because of the behaviour of the thyroid gland which specialises in trapping the iodine entering the body. Since the thyroid gland cannot differentiate radioactive iodine and non radioactive iodine, it will trap anything is entering the body. Thus, in the case of a radiation leak, it is radioactive iodine which is available for the thyroid gland and the trapping of this leads to the amelioration of the thyroid cancer. The use of potassium iodide saturates the thyroid gland and thus radioactive iodine is prevented from entering the thyroid gland. Saturating the gland with iodine produces other problems. It tends to choke the thyroid gland which can lead to problems like hypothyroidism or, hyperthyroidism. However, the thyroid problems are easier to tackle compared to cancer.
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